Direct-fed microbials

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to direct-fed microbials for use in E. coli inhibition in animals. More particularly, the invention relates to isolated Bacillus strains 101, 235, 77, 177, and 102 and strains having all of the identifying characteristics of these strains, for a use comprising the above-mentioned use. The invention can also be used for treatment of plants and in food processing.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/301,438 filed Feb. 29, 2016 and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/364,271 filed Jul. 19, 2016, the disclosures of both of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The invention relates to direct-fed microbials for use in E. coli inhibition in animals. More particularly, the invention relates to isolated Bacillus strains 101, 235, 77, 177, and 102, and strains having all of the identifying characteristics of these strains, for a use comprising the above-mentioned use. The invention can also be used for treatment of plants and in food processing.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to direct-fed microbial (DFM) compositions and methods for E. coli inhibition in an animal. An animal's gastrointestinal tract is constantly challenged by large numbers of bacteria, viruses, and protozoa found in feed, bedding, and the environment. The gastrointestinal tract has a sophisticated system to counter these potential pathogens consisting of physical, chemical, and immunological lines of defense. Beneficial bacteria are an important part of this system because they provide animals with bacteria that assist in establishment (or reestablishment) of a normal bacterial profile, they strengthen the animal's immune system, and they help to fight disease (e.g., disease caused by E. coli in animals). Due to the importance of preventing and treating E. coli disease in animals, both to the agricultural industry, and to the human food supply, direct-fed microbial strains are needed that inhibit E. coli in animals, such as agricultural animals.

Applicants have developed direct-fed microbials that result in E. coli inhibition in animals. The direct-fed microbials and compositions comprising the direct-fed microbials described herein offer a commercial benefit by providing E. coli inhibition in animals, such as agricultural animals. In addition, the direct-fed microbial compositions described herein result in a reduction or elimination in the use of antibiotics which reduces the overall cost of animal feed.

Methods and compositions are provided for inhibiting E. coli in animals. In various embodiments, the animal can be selected from the group consisting of a poultry species, a porcine species, a bovine species, an ovine species, an equine species, and a companion animal. In the embodiment where the animal is a poultry species, the poultry species can be a broiler chicken. In the embodiment where the animal is a porcine species, the porcine species can be selected from the group consisting of a grow finish pig, a nursery pig, a sow, and a breeding stock pig.

In various embodiments, the compositions for use in the methods described herein can be a commercial package, a feed additive for an animal feed composition, an additive for the drinking water of an animal, or an animal feed composition (e.g., a complete feed), each comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the methods described herein, a method is provided of feeding an animal. The method comprises the step of administering to the animal a feed composition or drinking water comprising an effective amount of an additive comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof, wherein the Bacillus strain causes E. coli inhibition in the animal.

In another embodiment of the methods described herein, a method is provided of controlling a detrimental effect of E. coli. The method comprises the steps of administering to an animal a feed composition or drinking water comprising an effective amount of an additive comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof, and controlling the detrimental effect of E. coli in the animal.

The following clauses, and combinations thereof, provide various additional illustrative aspects of the invention described herein. The various embodiments described in any other section of this patent application, including the section titled “DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS” and the EXAMPLES are applicable to any of the following embodiments of the invention described in the numbered clauses below.

1. A method of feeding an animal, the method comprising the step of administering to the animal a feed composition or drinking water comprising an effective amount of an additive comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof, wherein the Bacillus strain causes E. coli inhibition in the animal.

2. The method of clause 1 wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of a poultry species, a porcine species, a bovine species, an ovine species, an equine species, and a companion animal.

3. The method of clause 2 wherein the poultry species is a broiler chicken.

4. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 3 wherein the E. coli inhibition prevents E. coli disease in the animal.

5. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 3 wherein the E. coli inhibition reduces E. coli disease in the animal.

6. The method of clause 2 wherein the animal is a porcine species and the porcine species is selected from the group consisting of a grow finish pig, a nursery pig, a sow, and a breeding stock pig.

7. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 6 wherein the Bacillus strain produces an enzyme selected from the group consisting of an a-galactosidase, a protease, a lipase, an amylase, a xylanase, a cellulase, and combinations thereof.

8. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 7 further comprising the step of administering to the animal another bacterial strain selected from the group consisting of another Bacillus strain, a lactic acid bacterial strain, and combinations thereof.

9. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8 wherein the strain administered is Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218) or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218).

10. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8 wherein the strain administered is Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219) or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219).

11. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8 wherein Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), and Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), are administered in combination in a single composition.

12. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8 wherein Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), and Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), are administered in combination in separate compositions.

13. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 12 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 1.0×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition to about 5.0×10¹² CFU/gram of the feed composition.

14. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 12 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 1.0×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition to about 1.0×10⁷ CFU/gram of the feed composition.

15. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 14 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose greater than about 7.0×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition.

16. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 15 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 7.3×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition.

17. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 16 wherein the Bacillus strain is isolated from a high performing grow finish pig.

18. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 17 further comprising the step of administering an antibiotic to the animal.

19. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 18 further comprising the step of administering to the animal an enzyme selected from the group consisting of a galactosidase, a protease, a lipase, an amylase, a hemicellulase, an arabinoxylanase, a xylanase, a cellulase, an NSPase, a phytase, and combinations thereof.

20. The method of clause 19 wherein the enzyme is an NSPase or a phytase.

21. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 20 wherein the microbial balance in the animal is maintained.

22. The method of clause 2 wherein the animal is a companion animal.

23. The method of clause 22 wherein the animal is a canine species or a feline species.

24. The method of clause 2 wherein the animal is a sow and the Bacillus strain is administered during lactation.

25. The method of clause 2 wherein the animal is a sow and the Bacillus strain is administered during gestation.

26. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 25 wherein the feed composition is administered daily to the animal.

27. The method of clause 1 wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of a chicken, a pig, a horse, a pony, a cow, a turkey, a goat, a sheep, a quail, a pheasant, an ostrich, a duck, a fish, a crustacean, and combinations thereof.

28. A method of controlling a detrimental effect of E. coli, the method comprising the steps of administering to an animal a feed composition or drinking water comprising an effective amount of an additive comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof, and controlling the detrimental effect of E. coli in the animal.

29. The method of clause 28 wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of a poultry species, a porcine species, a bovine species, an ovine species, an equine species, and a companion animal.

30. The method of clause 29 wherein the poultry species is a broiler chicken.

31. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 30 wherein controlling the detrimental effect of E. coli comprises inhibiting E. coli disease in the animal.

32. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 30 wherein controlling the detrimental effect of E. coli comprises reducing E. coli disease in the animal.

33. The method of clause 29 wherein the animal is a porcine species and the porcine species is selected from the group consisting of a grow finish pig, a nursery pig, a sow, and a breeding stock pig.

34. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 33 wherein the Bacillus strain produces an enzyme selected from the group consisting of an a-galactosidase, a protease, a lipase, an amylase, a xylanase, a cellulase, and combinations thereof.

35. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 34 further comprising the step of administering to the animal another bacterial strain selected from the group consisting of another Bacillus strain, a lactic acid bacterial strain, and combinations thereof.

36. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 35 wherein the strain administered is Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218) or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218).

37. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 35 wherein the strain administered is Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219) or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219).

38. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 35 wherein Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), and Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), are administered in combination in a single composition.

39. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 35 wherein Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), and Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), are administered in combination in separate compositions.

40. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 39 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 1.0×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition to about 5.0×10¹² CFU/gram of the feed composition.

41. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 40 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 1.0×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition to about 1.0×10⁷ CFU/gram of the feed composition.

42. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 41 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose greater than about 7.0×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition.

43. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 42 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 7.3×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition.

44. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 43 wherein the Bacillus strain is isolated from a high performing grow finish pig.

45. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 44 further comprising the step of administering an antibiotic to the animal.

46. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 45 further comprising the step of administering to the animal an enzyme selected from the group consisting of a galactosidase, a protease, a lipase, an amylase, a hemicellulase, an arabinoxylanase, a xylanase, a cellulase, an NSPase, a phytase, and combinations thereof.

47. The method of clause 46 wherein the enzyme is an NSPase or a phytase.

48. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 47 wherein controlling the detrimental effect of E. coli comprises maintaining the microbial balance in the animal.

49. The method of clause 29 wherein the animal is a companion animal.

50. The method of clause 49 wherein the animal is a canine species or a feline species.

51. The method of clause 29 wherein the animal is a sow and the Bacillus strain is administered during lactation.

52. The method of clause 29 wherein the animal is a sow and the Bacillus strain is administered during gestation.

53. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 52 wherein the feed composition is administered daily to the animal.

54. The method of clause 28 wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of a chicken, a pig, a horse, a pony, a cow, a turkey, a goat, a sheep, a quail, a pheasant, an ostrich, a duck, a fish, a crustacean, and combinations thereof.

55. A commercial package comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.

56. A feed additive for an animal feed comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.

57. An additive for the drinking water of an animal comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.

58. An animal feed composition comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.

59. The commercial package, feed additive, feed composition, or additive for the drinking water of the animal of any one of clauses 55 to 58 wherein the Bacillus strain causes an effect selected from the group consisting of preventing E. coli disease, reducing E. coli disease, maintaining the microbial balance of the animal, and combinations thereof.

60. The commercial package, feed additive, feed composition, or additive for the drinking water of the animal of any one of clauses 55 to 59, wherein the Bacillus strain reduces E. coli disease in the animal.

61. The feed additive or additive for the drinking water of the animal of clause 56 or 57 in the form of a concentrate.

62. The feed additive or additive for the drinking water of the animal of clause 56 or 57 in the form of a super concentrate.

63. The feed additive, feed composition, or additive for the drinking water of the animal of any one of clauses 56 to 62 in dry form.

64. The feed composition of clause 63 in pelleted form.

65. The commercial package of clause 55 wherein the strains are in a form selected from the group consisting of a powder, a liquid, and a pellet form.

66. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of any one of clauses 55 to 65 further comprising a carrier for the Bacillus strains.

67. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of clause 66 wherein the carrier is selected from the group consisting of a bran, rice hulls, a salt, a dextrin, and combinations thereof.

68. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of any one of clauses 55 to 67 in a bag.

69. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of clause 68 wherein the bag is a plastic bag.

70. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of any one of clauses 55 to 69 further comprising instructions for use of one or more of the Bacillus strains.

71. The commercial package, feed additive, feed composition, or additive for the drinking water of the animal of any one of clauses 68 to 70 in a 20-pound bag.

72. The commercial package, feed additive, feed composition, or additive for the drinking water of the animal of any one of clauses 68 to 70 in a 50-pound bag.

73. The feed additive or additive for the drinking water of the animal of any one of clauses 56, 57, 59 to 63, or 66 to 72 in powder form.

74. The feed additive or additive for the drinking water of the animal of any one of clauses 56, 57, 59 to 60, or 68 to 70 in liquid form.

75. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of any one of clauses 55 to 74 in a container for commercial use.

76. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of clause 75 wherein the container comprises plastic.

77. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of clause 75 wherein the container comprises paper.

78. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of any one of clauses 55 to 77 further comprising a binder.

79. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of clause 78 wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of clay, yeast cell wall components, aluminum silicate, and glucan, or combinations thereof.

80. A method of feeding an animal, the method comprising the step of administering to the animal a feed composition or drinking water comprising an effective amount of an additive comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.

81. The method of clause 80 wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of a poultry species, a porcine species, a bovine species, an ovine species, an equine species, and a companion animal.

82. The method of clause 81 wherein the poultry species is a broiler chicken.

83. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 82 wherein the strain causes E. coli inhibition which prevents E. coli disease in the animal.

84. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 82 wherein the strain causes E. coli inhibition which reduces E. coli disease in the animal.

85. The method of clause 81 wherein the animal is a porcine species and the porcine species is selected from the group consisting of a grow finish pig, a nursery pig, a sow, and a breeding stock pig.

86. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 85 wherein the Bacillus strain produces an enzyme selected from the group consisting of an a-galactosidase, a protease, a lipase, an amylase, a xylanase, a cellulase, and combinations thereof.

87. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 86 further comprising the step of administering to the animal another bacterial strain selected from the group consisting of another Bacillus strain, a lactic acid bacterial strain, and combinations thereof.

88. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 87 wherein the strain administered is Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218) or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218).

89. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 87 wherein the strain administered is Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219) or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219).

90. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 87 wherein Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), and Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), are administered in combination in a single composition.

91. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 87 wherein Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), and Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), are administered in combination in separate compositions.

92. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 91 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 1.0×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition to about 5.0×10¹² CFU/gram of the feed composition.

93. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 92 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 1.0×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition to about 1.0×10⁷ CFU/gram of the feed composition.

94. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 93 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose greater than about 7.0×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition.

95. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 94 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 7.3×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition.

96. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 95 wherein the Bacillus strain is isolated from a high performing grow finish pig.

97. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 96 further comprising the step of administering an antibiotic to the animal.

98. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 97 further comprising the step of administering to the animal an enzyme selected from the group consisting of a galactosidase, a protease, a lipase, an amylase, a hemicellulase, an arabinoxylanase, a xylanase, a cellulase, an NSPase, a phytase, and combinations thereof.

99. The method of clause 98 wherein the enzyme is an NSPase or a phytase.

100. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 99 wherein the microbial balance in the animal is maintained.

101. The method of clause 81 wherein the animal is a companion animal.

102. The method of clause 101 wherein the animal is a canine species or a feline species.

103. The method of clause 81 wherein the animal is a sow and the Bacillus strain is administered during lactation.

104. The method of clause 81 wherein the animal is a sow and the Bacillus strain is administered during gestation.

105. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 104 wherein the feed composition is administered daily to the animal.

106. The method of clause 80 wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of a chicken, a pig, a horse, a pony, a cow, a turkey, a goat, a sheep, a quail, a pheasant, an ostrich, a duck, a fish, a crustacean, and combinations thereof.

107. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8, 28 to 35, or 80 to 87 wherein the strain administered is Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274) or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274).

108. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8, 28 to 35, or 80 to 87 wherein the strain administered is Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275) or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275).

109. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8, 28 to 35, or 80 to 87 wherein the strain administered is Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276).

110. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8, 28 to 35, or 80 to 87 wherein isolated Bacillus strains comprising Bacillus strains 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and 102 (NRRL No. B-67276) are administered in combination in separate compositions.

111. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8, 28 to 35, or 80 to 87 wherein isolated Bacillus strains comprising Bacillus strains 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and 102 (NRRL No. B-67276) are administered in combination in a single composition.

112. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8, 28 to 35, or 80 to 87 wherein isolated Bacillus strains comprising Bacillus strains 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and 102 (NRRL No. B-67276) are administered in combination in separate compositions.

113. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8, 28 to 35, or 80 to 87 wherein isolated Bacillus strains comprising Bacillus strains 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and 102 (NRRL No. B-67276) are administered in combination in a single composition.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

Methods and compositions are provided for inhibiting E. coli in animals, such as agricultural animals. In various embodiments, the compositions for use in the methods described herein can be a commercial package, a feed additive for an animal feed composition, an additive for the drinking water of an animal, or an animal feed composition (e.g., a complete feed), each comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the methods described herein, a method is provided of feeding an animal. The method comprises the step of administering to the animal a feed composition or drinking water comprising an effective amount of an additive comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof, wherein the Bacillus strain causes E. coli inhibition in the animal.

In another embodiment of the methods described herein, a method is provided of controlling a detrimental effect of E. coli. The method comprises the steps of administering to an animal a feed composition or drinking water comprising an effective amount of an additive comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof, and controlling the detrimental effect of E. coli in the animal.

The following clauses, and combinations thereof, provide various additional illustrative aspects of the invention described herein. The various embodiments described in this section titled “DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS” are applicable to any of the following embodiments of the invention described in the numbered clauses below.

1. A method of feeding an animal, the method comprising the step of administering to the animal a feed composition or drinking water comprising an effective amount of an additive comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof, wherein the Bacillus strain causes E. coli inhibition in the animal.

2. The method of clause 1 wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of a poultry species, a porcine species, a bovine species, an ovine species, an equine species, and a companion animal.

3. The method of clause 2 wherein the poultry species is a broiler chicken.

4. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 3 wherein the E. coli inhibition prevents E. coli disease in the animal.

5. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 3 wherein the E. coli inhibition reduces E. coli disease in the animal.

6. The method of clause 2 wherein the animal is a porcine species and the porcine species is selected from the group consisting of a grow finish pig, a nursery pig, a sow, and a breeding stock pig.

7. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 6 wherein the Bacillus strain produces an enzyme selected from the group consisting of an a-galactosidase, a protease, a lipase, an amylase, a xylanase, a cellulase, and combinations thereof.

8. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 7 further comprising the step of administering to the animal another bacterial strain selected from the group consisting of another Bacillus strain, a lactic acid bacterial strain, and combinations thereof.

9. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8 wherein the strain administered is Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218) or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218).

10. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8 wherein the strain administered is Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219) or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219).

11. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8 wherein Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), and Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), are administered in combination in a single composition.

12. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8 wherein Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), and Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), are administered in combination in separate compositions.

13. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 12 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 1.0×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition to about 5.0×10¹² CFU/gram of the feed composition.

14. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 12 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 1.0×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition to about 1.0×10⁷ CFU/gram of the feed composition.

15. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 14 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose greater than about 7.0×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition.

16. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 15 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 7.3×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition.

17. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 16 wherein the Bacillus strain is isolated from a high performing grow finish pig.

18. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 17 further comprising the step of administering an antibiotic to the animal.

19. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 18 further comprising the step of administering to the animal an enzyme selected from the group consisting of a galactosidase, a protease, a lipase, an amylase, a hemicellulase, an arabinoxylanase, a xylanase, a cellulase, an NSPase, a phytase, and combinations thereof.

20. The method of clause 19 wherein the enzyme is an NSPase or a phytase.

21. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 20 wherein the microbial balance in the animal is maintained.

22. The method of clause 2 wherein the animal is a companion animal.

23. The method of clause 22 wherein the animal is a canine species or a feline species.

24. The method of clause 2 wherein the animal is a sow and the Bacillus strain is administered during lactation.

25. The method of clause 2 wherein the animal is a sow and the Bacillus strain is administered during gestation.

26. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 25 wherein the feed composition is administered daily to the animal.

27. The method of clause 1 wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of a chicken, a pig, a horse, a pony, a cow, a turkey, a goat, a sheep, a quail, a pheasant, an ostrich, a duck, a fish, a crustacean, and combinations thereof.

28. A method of controlling a detrimental effect of E. coli, the method comprising the steps of administering to an animal a feed composition or drinking water comprising an effective amount of an additive comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof, and controlling the detrimental effect of E. coli in the animal.

29. The method of clause 28 wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of a poultry species, a porcine species, a bovine species, an ovine species, an equine species, and a companion animal.

30. The method of clause 29 wherein the poultry species is a broiler chicken.

31. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 30 wherein controlling the detrimental effect of E. coli comprises inhibiting E. coli disease in the animal.

32. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 30 wherein controlling the detrimental effect of E. coli comprises reducing E. coli disease in the animal.

33. The method of clause 29 wherein the animal is a porcine species and the porcine species is selected from the group consisting of a grow finish pig, a nursery pig, a sow, and a breeding stock pig.

34. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 33 wherein the Bacillus strain produces an enzyme selected from the group consisting of an a-galactosidase, a protease, a lipase, an amylase, a xylanase, a cellulase, and combinations thereof.

35. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 34 further comprising the step of administering to the animal another bacterial strain selected from the group consisting of another Bacillus strain, a lactic acid bacterial strain, and combinations thereof.

36. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 35 wherein the strain administered is Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218) or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218).

37. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 35 wherein the strain administered is Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219) or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219).

38. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 35 wherein Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), and Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), are administered in combination in a single composition.

39. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 35 wherein Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), and Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), are administered in combination in separate compositions.

40. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 39 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 1.0×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition to about 5.0×10¹² CFU/gram of the feed composition.

41. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 40 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 1.0×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition to about 1.0×10⁷ CFU/gram of the feed composition.

42. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 41 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose greater than about 7.0×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition.

43. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 42 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 7.3×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition.

44. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 43 wherein the Bacillus strain is isolated from a high performing grow finish pig.

45. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 44 further comprising the step of administering an antibiotic to the animal.

46. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 45 further comprising the step of administering to the animal an enzyme selected from the group consisting of a galactosidase, a protease, a lipase, an amylase, a hemicellulase, an arabinoxylanase, a xylanase, a cellulase, an NSPase, a phytase, and combinations thereof.

47. The method of clause 46 wherein the enzyme is an NSPase or a phytase.

48. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 47 wherein controlling the detrimental effect of E. coli comprises maintaining the microbial balance in the animal.

49. The method of clause 29 wherein the animal is a companion animal.

50. The method of clause 49 wherein the animal is a canine species or a feline species.

51. The method of clause 29 wherein the animal is a sow and the Bacillus strain is administered during lactation.

52. The method of clause 29 wherein the animal is a sow and the Bacillus strain is administered during gestation.

53. The method of any one of clauses 28 to 52 wherein the feed composition is administered daily to the animal.

54. The method of clause 28 wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of a chicken, a pig, a horse, a pony, a cow, a turkey, a goat, a sheep, a quail, a pheasant, an ostrich, a duck, a fish, a crustacean, and combinations thereof.

55. A commercial package comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.

56. A feed additive for an animal feed comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.

57. An additive for the drinking water of an animal comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.

58. An animal feed composition comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.

59. The commercial package, feed additive, feed composition, or additive for the drinking water of the animal of any one of clauses 55 to 58 wherein the Bacillus strain causes an effect selected from the group consisting of preventing E. coli disease, reducing E. coli disease, maintaining the microbial balance of the animal, and combinations thereof.

60. The commercial package, feed additive, feed composition, or additive for the drinking water of the animal of any one of clauses 55 to 59, wherein the Bacillus strain reduces E. coli disease in the animal.

61. The feed additive or additive for the drinking water of the animal of clause 56 or 57 in the form of a concentrate.

62. The feed additive or additive for the drinking water of the animal of clause 56 or 57 in the form of a super concentrate.

63. The feed additive, feed composition, or additive for the drinking water of the animal of any one of clauses 56 to 62 in dry form.

64. The feed composition of clause 63 in pelleted form.

65. The commercial package of clause 55 wherein the strains are in a form selected from the group consisting of a powder, a liquid, and a pellet form.

66. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of any one of clauses 55 to 65 further comprising a carrier for the Bacillus strains.

67. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of clause 66 wherein the carrier is selected from the group consisting of a bran, rice hulls, a salt, a dextrin, and combinations thereof.

68. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of any one of clauses 55 to 67 in a bag.

69. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of clause 68 wherein the bag is a plastic bag.

70. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of any one of clauses 55 to 69 further comprising instructions for use of one or more of the Bacillus strains.

71. The commercial package, feed additive, feed composition, or additive for the drinking water of the animal of any one of clauses 68 to 70 in a 20-pound bag.

72. The commercial package, feed additive, feed composition, or additive for the drinking water of the animal of any one of clauses 68 to 70 in a 50-pound bag.

73. The feed additive or additive for the drinking water of the animal of any one of clauses 56, 57, 59 to 63, or 66 to 72 in powder form.

74. The feed additive or additive for the drinking water of the animal of any one of clauses 56, 57, 59 to 60, or 68 to 70 in liquid form.

75. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of any one of clauses 55 to 74 in a container for commercial use.

76. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of clause 75 wherein the container comprises plastic.

77. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of clause 75 wherein the container comprises paper.

78. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of any one of clauses 55 to 77 further comprising a binder.

79. The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition of clause 78 wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of clay, yeast cell wall components, aluminum silicate, and glucan, or combinations thereof.

80. A method of feeding an animal, the method comprising the step of administering to the animal a feed composition or drinking water comprising an effective amount of an additive comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.

81. The method of clause 80 wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of a poultry species, a porcine species, a bovine species, an ovine species, an equine species, and a companion animal.

82. The method of clause 81 wherein the poultry species is a broiler chicken.

83. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 82 wherein the strain causes E. coli inhibition which prevents E. coli disease in the animal.

84. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 82 wherein the strain causes E. coli inhibition which reduces E. coli disease in the animal.

85. The method of clause 81 wherein the animal is a porcine species and the porcine species is selected from the group consisting of a grow finish pig, a nursery pig, a sow, and a breeding stock pig.

86. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 85 wherein the Bacillus strain produces an enzyme selected from the group consisting of an a-galactosidase, a protease, a lipase, an amylase, a xylanase, a cellulase, and combinations thereof.

87. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 86 further comprising the step of administering to the animal another bacterial strain selected from the group consisting of another Bacillus strain, a lactic acid bacterial strain, and combinations thereof.

88. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 87 wherein the strain administered is Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218) or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218).

89. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 87 wherein the strain administered is Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219) or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219).

90. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 87 wherein Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), and Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), are administered in combination in a single composition.

91. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 87 wherein Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), and Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), are administered in combination in separate compositions.

92. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 91 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 1.0×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition to about 5.0×10¹² CFU/gram of the feed composition.

93. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 92 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 1.0×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition to about 1.0×10⁷ CFU/gram of the feed composition.

94. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 93 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose greater than about 7.0×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition.

95. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 94 wherein the Bacillus strain is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 7.3×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition.

96. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 95 wherein the Bacillus strain is isolated from a high performing grow finish pig.

97. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 96 further comprising the step of administering an antibiotic to the animal.

98. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 97 further comprising the step of administering to the animal an enzyme selected from the group consisting of a galactosidase, a protease, a lipase, an amylase, a hemicellulase, an arabinoxylanase, a xylanase, a cellulase, an NSPase, a phytase, and combinations thereof.

99. The method of clause 98 wherein the enzyme is an NSPase or a phytase.

100. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 99 wherein the microbial balance in the animal is maintained.

101. The method of clause 81 wherein the animal is a companion animal.

102. The method of clause 101 wherein the animal is a canine species or a feline species.

103. The method of clause 81 wherein the animal is a sow and the Bacillus strain is administered during lactation.

104. The method of clause 81 wherein the animal is a sow and the Bacillus strain is administered during gestation.

105. The method of any one of clauses 80 to 104 wherein the feed composition is administered daily to the animal.

106. The method of clause 80 wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of a chicken, a pig, a horse, a pony, a cow, a turkey, a goat, a sheep, a quail, a pheasant, an ostrich, a duck, a fish, a crustacean, and combinations thereof.

107. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8, 28 to 35, or 80 to 87 wherein the strain administered is Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274) or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274).

108. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8, 28 to 35, or 80 to 87 wherein the strain administered is Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275) or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275).

109. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8, 28 to 35, or 80 to 87 wherein the strain administered is Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), or a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276).

110. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8, 28 to 35, or 80 to 87 wherein isolated Bacillus strains comprising Bacillus strains 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and 102 (NRRL No. B-67276) are administered in combination in separate compositions.

111. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8, 28 to 35, or 80 to 87 wherein isolated Bacillus strains comprising Bacillus strains 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and 102 (NRRL No. B-67276) are administered in combination in a single composition.

112. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8, 28 to 35, or 80 to 87 wherein isolated Bacillus strains comprising Bacillus strains 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and 102 (NRRL No. B-67276) are administered in combination in separate compositions.

113. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 8, 28 to 35, or 80 to 87 wherein isolated Bacillus strains comprising Bacillus strains 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and 102 (NRRL No. B-67276) are administered in combination in a single composition.

In various embodiments, the animal to which a feed additive, a feed composition, or drinking water as described herein is administered can be selected from the group consisting of a poultry species, a porcine species, a bovine species, an ovine species, an equine species, and a companion animal. In the embodiment where the animal is a companion animal, the companion animal can be, for example, a canine species or a feline species. In the embodiment where the animal is a porcine species, the porcine species can be selected from the group consisting of a grow finish pig, a nursery pig, a sow, and a breeding stock pig. In various exemplary embodiments, the animal can be selected from the group consisting of a chicken (e.g., a broiler or a layer), a pig, a horse, a pony, a cow, a turkey, a goat, a sheep, a quail, a pheasant, an ostrich, a duck, a fish (e.g., a tilapia, a catfish, a flounder, or a salmon), a crustacean (e.g., a shrimp or a crab), and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof, can be used to treat a plant for plant health and can be used to treat the soil, the plant directly, or to irrigate the plant.

In any embodiments described herein, the strains can be administered in alone or in any combination, or can be in the form of any composition described herein so that the strains are alone or in any combination in the composition described herein. Exemplary combinations include a group of isolated Bacillus strains comprising Bacillus strains 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), and 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and a group of isolated Bacillus strains comprising Bacillus strains 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and 102 (NRRL No. B-67276).

In one embodiment, a method of feeding an animal is provided. The method comprises the step of administering to the animal a feed composition or drinking water comprising an effective amount of an additive comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.

In another embodiment, a method of feeding an animal is provided. The method comprises the step of administering to the animal a feed composition or drinking water comprising an effective amount of an additive comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof, wherein the Bacillus strain causes E. coli inhibition in the animal.

In one embodiment of the invention, an effective amount of the Bacillus strain can be administered to inhibit E. coli in the animal. As used herein, “inhibit E. coli” can mean reducing E. coli disease, preventing E. coli disease, maintaining the normal microbial balance in the animal, reducing the number of detrimental E. coli in the animal, reducing the activity of E. coli in the animal, or reducing the symptoms of E. coli disease in the animal, or combinations thereof. By “effective amount” is meant an amount of the Bacillus strain (e.g., strain 101, or 235, or 77, or 177, or 102) capable of E. coli inhibition or capable of controlling a detrimental effect of E. coli, as described below, by any mechanism.

In embodiments described herein wherein the compositions of the present invention comprising Bacillus strains 101, and/or 235, and/or 77, and/or 177, and/or 102 are administered to an animal, the compositions are preferably administered to animals orally in a feed composition or in drinking water, but any other effective method of administration known to those skilled in the art may be utilized. In one illustrative embodiment, the Bacillus strains 101, and/or 235, and/or 77, and/or 177, and/or 102 are provided in the form of an additive for addition to the drinking water of an animal.

In another illustrative embodiment, the Bacillus strains 101, and/or 235, and/or 77, and/or 177, and/or 102 are provided in the form of a feed additive for addition to a feed composition. The feed composition may contain Bacillus strain 101, and/or 235, and/or 77, and/or 177, and/or 102 in a mixture with an animal feed blend, including any art-recognized animal feed blend or any animal feed blend described herein. As used herein, “feed composition” or “animal feed composition” means a feed composition comprising Bacillus strain 101, and/or Bacillus strain 235, and/or Bacillus strain 77, and/or Bacillus strain 177, and/or Bacillus strain 102 in a mixture with an animal feed blend, and, optionally any other components that could be used in a feed composition, including other bacterial strains, such as other Bacillus strains or Lactobacillus strains.

Any animal feed blend, including those known in the art and those described herein, may be used in accordance with the methods and compositions described in this patent application, such as rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, cornmeal, barley, wheat, silage, and haylage. In various embodiments, the animal feed blend can be supplemented with Bacillus strain 101, and/or Bacillus strain 235, and/or Bacillus strain 77, and/or Bacillus strain 177, and/or Bacillus strain 102, but other ingredients may optionally be added to the animal feed blend, including other bacterial strains, such as other Bacillus strains or Lactobacillus strains.

In various illustrative embodiments, optional ingredients of the animal feed blend include sugars and complex carbohydrates such as both water-soluble and water-insoluble monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Other optional ingredients include dried distillers grain solubles, fat (e.g., crude fat), phosphorous, sodium bicarbonate, limestone, salt, phytate, calcium, sodium, sulfur, magnesium, potassium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, ash, fish oil, an oil derived from fish meal, raw seed (e.g., flaxseed), an antioxidant, and starch. In another embodiment, minerals may be added in the form of a mineral premix.

Optional amino acid ingredients that may be added to the animal feed blend are arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, cysteine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, tyrosine ethyl HCl, alanine, aspartic acid, sodium glutamate, glycine, proline, serine, cysteine ethyl HCl, and analogs, and salts thereof. Vitamins that may be optionally added are thiamine HCl, riboflavin, pyridoxine HCl, niacin, niacinamide, inositol, choline chloride, calcium pantothenate, biotin, folic acid, ascorbic acid, and vitamins A, B, K, D, E, and the like. In another embodiment, vitamins may be added in the form of a vitamin premix. In yet another embodiment, protein ingredients may be added to the animal feed blend and include protein obtained from meat meal, bone meal, or fish meal, liquid or powdered egg, fish solubles, crude protein, and the like.

In another illustrative aspect, any medicament ingredients known in the art may be added to the animal feed blend or to an additive for the drinking water of the animal, such as antibiotics. In various embodiments, the antibiotic is selected from the group consisting of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, Denagard™, BMD™, Carbadox™, Stafac™, erythromycin, levofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, daptomycin, rifampicin, Tylan™, Pulmotil™, vancomycin, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the animal feed blend, the feed composition, the feed additive, or the additive for the drinking water of the animal may contain no antibiotics.

In another illustrative embodiment, one or more enzymes may be added to the animal feed blend. In various embodiments, the enzymes that may be added include a galactosidase, a phytase, a protease, a lipase, an amylase, a hemicellulase, an arabinoxylanase, a xylanase, a cellulase, an NSPase, combinations thereof, and any other enzyme that improves the effectiveness of the feed composition for E. coli inhibition or controlling a detrimental effect of E. coli. In yet another embodiment, yeast, fungi (e.g., Aspergillus or Trichoderma), or micronutrients may be added to the animal feed. Any of the ingredients described above that are suitable for addition to an additive for the drinking water of the animal may be added as a component of the additive for the drinking water of the animal as described herein.

In various illustrative embodiments, the Bacillus strain (e.g., Bacillus strain 101, and/or 235, and/or 77, and/or 177, and/or 102), or any other bacterial strains added in addition to Bacillus strain 101, and/or 235, and/or 77, and/or 177, and/or 102, can be administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 1.0×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition to about 5.0×10¹² CFU/gram of the feed composition or at a dose of about 1.0×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition to about 1.0×10⁷ CFU/gram of the feed composition. In other embodiments, the Bacillus strain (e.g., Bacillus strain 101, and/or 235, and/or 77, and/or 177, and/or 102) is administered in the feed composition at a dose greater than about 1.0×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 1.1×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 1.25×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 1.5×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 1.75×10³ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 1.0×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 2.0×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 3.0×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 4.0×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 5.0×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 6.0×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 7.0×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 8.0×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 1.0×10⁵ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 1.0×10⁶ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 1.0×10⁷ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 1.0×10⁸ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 1.0×10⁹ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 1.0×10¹⁰ CFU/gram of the feed composition, at a dose greater than about 1.0×10¹¹ CFU/gram of the feed composition, or at a dose greater than about 1.0×10¹² CFU/gram of the feed composition. In yet another embodiment, the Bacillus strain (e.g., Bacillus strain 101, and/or 235, and/or 77, and/or 177, and/or 102) is administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 7.3×10⁴ CFU/gram of the feed composition. In another embodiment, the Bacillus strain (e.g., Bacillus strain 101, and/or 235, and/or 77, and/or 177, and/or 102), or any other bacterial strains added in addition to Bacillus strain 101, and/or 235, and/or 77, and/or 177, and/or 102, can be administered in the feed composition at a dose of about 1.0×10² CFU/gram of the feed composition to about 5.0×10¹² CFU/gram of the feed composition or at a dose of about 1.0×10² CFU/gram of the feed composition to about 1.0×10⁷ CFU/gram of the feed composition, or at a dose greater than about 1.0×10² CFU/gram of the feed composition.

In various embodiments, the Bacillus strain (e.g., Bacillus strain 101, and/or 235, and/or 77, and/or 177, and/or 102) for use in accordance with the methods and compositions described herein can be selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276). Bacillus strain MDG 101 and Bacillus strain MDG 235 were deposited on Jan. 4, 2016 at the Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection (NRRL), National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Ill. 61604-3999, and were given accession numbers B-67218 and B-67219, respectively. Bacillus strain MGL77, Bacillus strain MGL177, and Bacillus strain MGL102 were deposited on Jun. 7, 2016 at the Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection (NRRL), National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Ill. 61604-3999, and were given accession numbers B-67274, B-67275, and B-67276, respectively. The deposits were made under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure. The NRRL strain designations are MDG 101, MDG 235, MGL77, MGL177, and MGL102 which are equivalent to Bacillus strain 101, 235, 77, 177, and 102 respectively, as referred to in the application.

Any of these strains can be administered alone or in combination in the form of a feed composition (e.g., a complete feed comprising an animal feed blend) or drinking water for an animal. In one embodiment, multiple strains are administered in combination in a single composition. In another embodiment, multiple strains are administered in combination in separate compositions. In one illustrative embodiment, any of these strains is isolated from a high performing grow finish pig.

In another embodiment, one or more of the Bacillus strains described in the preceding paragraphs (e.g., Bacillus strain 101, and/or Bacillus strain 235, and/or Bacillus strain 77, and/or Bacillus strain 177, and/or Bacillus strain 102) can be administered to the animal along with another bacterial strain selected from the group consisting of another Bacillus strain, a lactic acid bacterial strain, and combinations thereof. In yet another embodiment, one or more of the Bacillus strains described in the preceding paragraphs (e.g., Bacillus strain 101, and/or Bacillus strain 235, and/or Bacillus strain 77, and/or Bacillus strain 177, and/or Bacillus strain 102) can be administered to the animal along with any other bacterial strain effective to inhibit E. coli in the animal.

As used herein “a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of” Bacillus strain 101, or Bacillus strain 235, or Bacillus strain 77, or Bacillus strain 177, or Bacillus strain 102 can be a mutant strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101, or Bacillus strain 235, or Bacillus strain 77, or Bacillus strain 177, or Bacillus strain 102 (e.g., a DNA fingerprint based on DNA analysis that corresponds to the DNA fingerprint of Bacillus strain 101, or Bacillus strain 235, or Bacillus strain 77, or Bacillus strain 177, or Bacillus strain 102, enzyme activities that correspond to Bacillus strain 101, or Bacillus strain 235, or Bacillus strain 77, or Bacillus strain 177, or Bacillus strain 102, antimicrobial activity that corresponds to Bacillus strain 101, or Bacillus strain 235, or Bacillus strain or 77, Bacillus strain or 177, or Bacillus strain 102, antibiotic sensitivity and tolerance profiles that correspond to Bacillus strain 101, or Bacillus strain 235, or Bacillus strain 77, or Bacillus strain 177, or Bacillus strain 102, or combinations thereof). In alternate embodiments, the mutation can be a natural mutation, or a genetically engineered mutation. In another embodiment, “a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of” Bacillus strain 101, or Bacillus strain 235, or Bacillus strain 77, or Bacillus strain 177, or Bacillus strain 102 can be a strain, for example, produced by isolating one or more plasmids from Bacillus strain 101, or Bacillus strain 235, or Bacillus strain 77, or Bacillus strain 177, or Bacillus strain 102 and introducing the one or more plasmids into another bacterium, such as another Bacillus strain, as long as the one or more plasmids contain DNA that provides the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101, or Bacillus strain 235, or Bacillus strain 77, or Bacillus strain 177, or Bacillus strain 102 (e.g., a DNA fingerprint based on DNA analysis that corresponds to the DNA fingerprint of Bacillus strain 101, or Bacillus strain 235, or Bacillus strain 77, or Bacillus strain 177, or Bacillus strain 102).

The feed composition or drinking water comprising Bacillus strain 101, and/or 235, and/or 77, and/or 177, and/or 102 may be administered to the animal for any time period that is effective to inhibit E. coli or control a detrimental effect of E. coli, or combinations thereof. For example, in one embodiment the feed composition or drinking water may be provided to the animal daily. In an alternate embodiment, the feed composition or drinking water may be administered to the animal during lactation and/or during gestation. The time periods for administration of the feed composition or drinking water described above are non-limiting examples and it should be appreciated that any time period or administration schedule determined to be effective to inhibit E. coli or control a detrimental effect of E. coli, or combinations thereof, may be used.

As described herein, one of the method embodiments is a method of feeding an animal by administering to the animal a feed composition or drinking water comprising an effective amount of an additive comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof, wherein the Bacillus strain controls a detrimental effect of E. coli. Any of the applicable above-described embodiments can apply to this embodiment.

In this embodiment, “controlling a detrimental effect of E. coli” can mean reducing E. coli disease, preventing E. coli disease, maintaining the normal microbial balance in the animal, reducing the number of detrimental E. coli in the animal, reducing the activity of E. coli in the animal, or reducing the symptoms of E. coli disease in the animal, or combinations thereof. By “effective amount” is meant an amount of the Bacillus strain (e.g., strain 101, or 235, or 77, or 177, or 102) capable of controlling a detrimental effect of E. coli, as described above, by any mechanism.

In additional embodiments of the invention, compositions comprising Bacillus strain 101, and/or Bacillus strain 235, and/or Bacillus strain 77, and/or Bacillus strain 177, and/or Bacillus strain 102 are provided. In one embodiment, a commercial package is provided comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.

In another embodiment, a feed additive for an animal feed is provided comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.

In yet another embodiment, an additive for the drinking water of an animal is provided comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.

In yet another illustrative aspect of the invention, an animal feed composition is provided comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.

In another embodiment an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof can be used in maintaining plant health, aquaculture, or for use in food processing.

In one embodiment, the feed additive for addition to an animal feed blend to produce a complete feed composition can be mixed with the animal feed blend, for example, with an automated micro-nutrient delivery system, or, for example, by hand-weighing and addition to achieve any of the doses of Bacillus strain 101, Bacillus strain 235, Bacillus strain 77, Bacillus strain 177, and Bacillus strain 102 described herein, for administration to the animal in the form of a complete feed composition. The mixing can also be done by any other suitable method known in the art for combining direct-fed microbials with an animal feed blend to obtain a uniform mixture. In various embodiments, the mixing can be done for any suitable time period (e.g., about 1 to about 4 minutes). In the embodiment where Bacillus strain 101, and/or Bacillus strain 235, and/or Bacillus strain 77, and/or Bacillus strain 177, and/or Bacillus strain 102 is in the form of an additive for the drinking water of the animal, the Bacillus strain 101, and/or Bacillus strain 235, and/or Bacillus strain 77, and/or Bacillus strain 177, and/or Bacillus strain 102 can be in the form of, for example, a powder, a liquid, or pellets, and can be mixed with the drinking water using any suitable method known in the art to achieve any of the doses of Bacillus strain 101, Bacillus strain 235, Bacillus strain 77, Bacillus strain 177, or Bacillus strain 102 described herein, for administration to the animal in the drinking water of the animal. Bacillus strain 101, and/or Bacillus strain 235, and/or Bacillus strain 77, and/or Bacillus strain 177, and/or Bacillus strain 102 can also be fed directly to the animal orally (i.e., by oral insertion) in the form of a powder, a liquid, or a pellet.

In any of the composition embodiments described herein, the Bacillus strain 101, and/or Bacillus strain 235, and/or Bacillus strain 77, and/or Bacillus strain 177, and/or Bacillus strain 102 can cause an effect selected from the group consisting of inhibiting E. coli or controlling a detrimental effect of E. coli in the animal. These effects are non-limiting examples of the types of effects Bacillus strain 101, and/or Bacillus strain 235, and/or Bacillus strain 77, and/or Bacillus strain 177, and/or Bacillus strain 102 can cause.

In one illustrative aspect, the feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or the feed composition can be in the form of a commercial package. In another illustrative embodiment, the feed additive or additive for the drinking water of the animal, or the Bacillus strain 101, and/or Bacillus strain 235, and/or Bacillus strain 77, and/or Bacillus strain 177, and/or Bacillus strain 102 in the commercial package can be in the form of a concentrate (e.g., about 1×10⁸ to about 5×10⁹ CFU/g) or a super concentrate (e.g., about 1×10¹⁰ to about 5×10¹² CFU/g). In another embodiment, the feed additive, feed composition, or additive for the drinking water of the animal, or the Bacillus strain 101, and/or Bacillus strain 235, and/or Bacillus strain 77, and/or Bacillus strain 177, and/or Bacillus strain 102 in a composition in a commercial package, can be in a dry form (e.g., a powder), a pelleted form, a liquid form, in the form of a top-dressing, or in the form of a gel, or any other suitable form.

In yet another embodiment, the strains in the form of a commercial package can be, for example, in a dry form (e.g., a powder or freeze-dried form), in a pelleted form, or in a liquid form.

In another illustrative embodiment, the commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition can further comprise a carrier for the Bacillus strain 101, and/or Bacillus strain 235, and/or Bacillus strain 77, and/or Bacillus strain 177, and/or Bacillus strain 102. The carrier can be selected from the group consisting of a bran, rice hulls, a salt, mineral oil, a dextrin (e.g., maltodextrin), whey, sugar, limestone, dried starch, sodium silico aluminate, vegetable oil, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the carrier can be any suitable carrier known in the art for a direct-fed microbial. In another embodiment, the commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition can further comprise a binder such as clay, yeast cell wall components, aluminum silicate, glucan, or other known binders. In another embodiment, the commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition can further comprise inorganic/organic binders, essential oils, and/or organic acids.

In yet other embodiments, the commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition comprising Bacillus strain 101, and/or Bacillus strain 235, and/or Bacillus strain 77, and/or Bacillus strain 177, and/or Bacillus strain 102 is in a container for commercial use. In various embodiments the container can be, for example, a bag (e.g., a 20-pound bag, a 50-pound bag, a 2-ounce bag, a 1-pound bag, or a 1-kilogram bag), a pouch, a drum, a bottle, or a box. In illustrative aspects, the container for the commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition comprising Bacillus strain 101, and/or Bacillus strain 235, and/or Bacillus strain 77, and/or Bacillus strain 177, and/or Bacillus strain 102 can comprise plastic, metal, foil, paper, fiber, or cardboard (e.g., a plastic pail, a paper bag, a foil bag, a fiber drum, etc.). The commercial package, feed additive, additive for the drinking water of the animal, or feed composition can further comprise instructions for use of one or more of the Bacillus strains.

The following examples are for illustrative purposes only. The examples are non-limiting, and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.

Example 1 Enzymatic Activity Screening

This example describes the use of plate media screening methods to detect enzymatic activity in DFM strains 101 and 235. Enzyme assay media plates were prepared by supplementing tryptic soy agar with between 0.5% and 1% of various substrates, including polysaccharides (corn starch, carboxymethylcellulose, or xylan), proteins (casein), and lipids (tributyrin). Bacillus strains of interest (including DFM strains 101 and 235) obtained from fresh overnight cultures were spotted onto plates (5 μL) and incubated at various temperatures for up to 48 hours. For protein and lipid agar plates, zones of clearing around enzyme-producing colonies were visible without further treatment. Polysaccharide-containing plates were stained with Gram's iodine for 1 minute to visualize zones of clearing. ZOC diameters and colony diameters were measured, but yes/no scores of activity were used for screening purposes. DFM strains 101 and 235 were both observed to be positive for protease, amylase, and xylanase activity after 48 hours and strong positives on tributyrin agar (lipase) were observed.

The Bacillus strains described herein have enzymatic activity including but not limited to amylase, protease, xylanase and lipase.

Example 2 Antimicrobial Screening with the Cross-Streak Method

For facultative anaerobic pathogens tested (E. coli) the following protocol was used. Bacillus strains of interest (101 and 235) were inoculated from frozen glycerol stocks in a single 1 cm wide linear streak down the center of modified BHI agar plates. Bacillus-streaked plates were inoculated aerobically for 24 hours at 37° C., until a heavy streak of growth was present. The organism to be tested for susceptibility, E. coli, was streaked in lines perpendicular towards the Bacillus streak (up to 1 mm) in a biological safety cabinet and incubated at 37° C. for 24 hours under aerobic conditions. No more than 5 staggered cross streaks per plate were used. The plates were incubated and then examined for zones of inhibition around the initial Bacillus streak, and the width of each zone of inhibition was measured in millimeters. MDG strains 101 and 235 consistently inhibited E. coli. To date, 58 different pathogenic E. coli strains were tested for susceptibility to strains 101 and 43 different strains for susceptibility to 235. These strains vary numerous characteristics including toxin presence and quantity, colony morphology on SMAC agar, hemolysin production, and specimen location around the U.S. Strain 101 successfully inhibited 46 of 58 E. coli isolates when it was grown both aerobically and anaerobically while strain 235 successfully inhibited 42 of 43 E. coli isolates when grown both aerobically and anaerobically.

Example 3 Culture Growth of DFM Strains 101 and 235

In the instant example, growth of DFM strains 101 and 235 can be achieved by culturing. On a small scale, TSB or nutrient broth can be utilized to culture DFM strains 101 and 235.

Agar medium may be produced using 23 grams Nutrient Agar (BD 213000) and 1000 ml of DI water, followed by autoclaving at 121° C. Broth medium may be produced using 8.0 grams of Nutrient Broth (BD 234000) and 1000 ml of DI water, followed by autoclaving at 121° C.

For culturing DFM strain 101, a pure culture of DFM strain 101 was streaked on a nutrient agar plate and allowed to grow for 48 hours at 32° C. Thereafter, a single colony was inoculated in nutrient broth medium. The single colony was incubated at 37° C. and at 230-240 rpm, for 16 to 24 hours. Finally, the culture was streaked on a nutrient agar plate to check morphology.

For culturing DFM strain 235, a pure culture of DFM strain 235 was streaked on a nutrient agar plate and allowed to grow for 48 hours at 32° C. Thereafter, a single colony was inoculated in nutrient broth medium. The single colony was incubated at 37° C. and at 230-240 rpm, for 16 to 24 hours. Finally, the culture was streaked on a nutrient agar plate to check morphology.

Example 4 Antimicrobial Screening with the Cross-Streak Method

For E. coli tested, the protocol described in Example 2 was used. MGL strains 77, 177, and 102 consistently inhibited E. coli. To date, 15 different pathogenic E. coli strains were tested for susceptibility to strains 77, 177, and 102. Strain 77 successfully inhibited 11 of 15 E. coli isolates when it was grown aerobically, strain 177 successfully inhibited 12 of 15 E. coli isolates when it was grown aerobically, and strain 102 successfully inhibited 15 of 15 E. coli isolates when it was grown aerobically (see Table 1 below).

TABLE 1 102 77 177 K1.8 + + + (Beta) K 2.4 (beta) + + − K2.5 (beta) + + + J + + + 2.5 (beta) K1.7 (beta) + + + K1.9 (beta) + − + K1.10 + − − (beta) K2.8 (beta) + + + K1.8 (beta) + + + J 1.2 (beta) + − − 1A (α) + − + 1B (α) + + + 1C (α) + + + 1D (α) + + + 1E (α) + + + 

1.-20. (canceled)
 21. A nutrient composition comprising an isolated Bacillus strain selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), a strain having all of the identifying characteristics of Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof, wherein the composition further comprises a carrier and the composition causes E. coli inhibition in an animal.
 22. The composition of claim 21 wherein the carrier is selected from the group consisting of a bran, rice hulls, a salt, mineral oil, a dextrin, whey, sugar, limestone, dried starch, sodium silico aluminate, vegetable oil, and combinations thereof.
 23. The composition of claim 21 wherein the composition further comprises an exogenously added nutrient component selected from the group consisting of a vitamin, an antibiotic, an enzyme, a water-soluble or water-insoluble monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide, a fat, phosphorous, sodium bicarbonate, limestone, calcium, sodium, sulfur, magnesium, potassium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, fish oil, raw seed, an antioxidant, and a starch.
 24. The composition of claim 21 further comprising a binder wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of clay, yeast cell wall components, aluminum silicate, glucan, and combinations thereof.
 25. The composition of claim 21 in the form of a commercial package.
 26. The composition of claim 25 wherein the commercial package comprises a container selected from the group consisting of a bag, a pouch, a drum, a bottle, and a box.
 27. The composition of claim 23 wherein the exogenously added component is an enzyme.
 28. The composition of claim 27 wherein the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of a galactosidase, a protease, a lipase, an amylase, a hemicellulase, an arabinoxylanase, a xylanase, a cellulase, an NSPase, a phytase, and combinations thereof.
 29. The composition of claim 21 wherein the isolated Bacillus strain is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.
 30. The composition of claim 22 wherein the isolated Bacillus strain is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.
 31. The composition of claim 23 wherein the isolated Bacillus strain is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.
 32. The composition of claim 24 wherein the isolated Bacillus strain is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.
 33. The composition of claim 25 wherein the isolated Bacillus strain is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.
 34. The composition of claim 26 wherein the isolated Bacillus strain is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.
 35. The composition of claim 27 wherein the isolated Bacillus strain is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof.
 36. The composition of claim 28 wherein the isolated Bacillus strain is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus strain 101 (NRRL No. B-67218), Bacillus strain 235 (NRRL No. B-67219), Bacillus strain 77 (NRRL No. B-67274), Bacillus strain 177 (NRRL No. B-67275), and Bacillus strain 102 (NRRL No. B-67276), and combinations thereof. 